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Figure 1. Roller Train Ensuring Compaction on a Runway Project
Figure 2. Lines of Communication for Quality Control
Figure 3. Plant Report Example
Figure 4. MSCR Stress and Strain Responses
Figure 5. MSCR Recovery Acceptance Curve
Figure 6. Available Compaction Time Example for a 3-inch Mat
Figure 7. Available Compaction Time Example for a 1-inch Mat
Figure 8. Gradation Chart, Exponential Scale (0.45)
Figure 9. Dense-Graded Mixtures Plotted on a 0.45 Power Chart
Figure 10. Open-Graded Mixture Plotted on a 0.45 Power Chart
Figure 11. Gap-Graded Mixture Plotted on a 0.45 Power Chart
Figure 12. Aggregate Specific Gravities
Figure 13. Asphalt Mixture Phase Diagram
Figure 14. Rutting Due to Unstable Surface Mix
Figure 15. Raveled Asphalt Pavement Surface
Figure 16. Stripping at the Lift Interface
Figure 17. Fuel-Resistant Mix at Lynchburg Regional Airport
Figure 18. Permeability Versus In-Place Air Voids by NMAS
Figure 19. Grooving an Airfield Runway
Figure 20. Superpave® Gyratory Compactor
Figure 21. Batch Plant Components
Figure 22. Drum Mix Plant Components
Figure 23. Magnum Telescoping Conveyor Building a Stockpile in Windrows
Figure 24. Loading Aggregate Cold-Feed Bins
Figure 25. Cold-Feed Bin Feeder Belt
Figure 26. Bin Feed Aggregate Sensor
Figure 27. Vane Feeder Schematic
Figure 28. Drum Mixer Impinging Hood or Cone
Figure 29. Typical Batch Plant Dryer
Figure 30. Uniform Veil of Aggregate in Dryer
Figure 31. Different Types of Dryer Flights
Figure 32. Parallel-Flow Dryer
Figure 33. Counterflow Dryer
Figure 34. Asphalt Batch Plant
Figure 35. Batching Tower
Figure 36. Screening Decks and Hot Bins
Figure 37. Cumulative Hot-Bin Batching
Figure 38. Batch Plant Binder Supply System
Figure 39. Batch Plant Pugmill
Figure 40. Incorrect Pugmill Operation
Figure 41. Batch Plant Control Room
Figure 42. Typical Drum Mixer Layout
Figure 43. Conveyor Belt Sampling Device
Figure 44. Stationary Asphalt Binder Calibration Tank
Figure 45. Counterflow Drum-Mix Plant
Figure 46. Unitized (Double-Barrel) Drum-Mix Plant
Figure 47. Counterflow Dryer with Separate Continuous Mixer
Figure 48. Knockout Box Returning Coarse Fines to the Dryer
Figure 49. Cyclone Collector Returning Coarse Fines to the Dryer
Figure 50. Baghouse Dust Collector
Figure 51. Insulated Storage Silos
Figure 52. Portable Surge Bin
Figure 53. Portable Storage Silo
Figure 54. Silo Batcher
Figure 55. Truck Scale Under Storage Bins
Figure 56. Existing Material Removed Prior to Patching
Figure 57. Material Placed in Localized Patch
Figure 58. Compaction of Patch
Figure 59. Bump Caused by Excessive Use of Crack Sealant
Figure 60. Typical Milling Machine
Figure 61. Scabbing
Figure 62. Tack Coat on a Milled Surface
Figure 63. Distributor Applying Tack Coat
Figure 64. Non-Uniform Application of Tack Coat
Figure 65. Non-Uniform Application of Tack Coat
Figure 66. Uniform Application of Tack Coat
Figure 67. Emulsion Tack Coat Applied—Unbroken Tack (left), Broken Tack (right)
Figure 68. Spray Paver
Figure 69. Asphalt Distributor
Figure 70. Tack Coat Application
Figure 71. Proper Nozzle Alignment
Figure 72. Spray Fan Overlap
Figure 73. End-Dump Truck
Figure 74. Bottom-Dump Truck
Figure 75. Live-Bottom Truck
Figure 76. Example Truck Loading
Figure 77. Tarped Truck Bed
Figure 78. Material Transfer Vehicle
Figure 79. Schematic of Asphalt Paver
Figure 80. Truck Hitch on Front of Paver
Figure 81. Paver Hopper Between Loads
Figure 82. Material Feed System
Figure 83. Paver Auger with Reversing Center Flights
Figure 84. Auger Chamber
Figure 85. Uniform Head of Material at Axle Height
Figure 86. Paddle Switch
Figure 87. Non-Contact Sensor
Figure 88. Folding Hopper Wings
Figure 89. Poorly Managed Paver Hopper
Figure 90. Windrow Elevator
Figure 91. Windrow Elevator Picking Up the Entire Windrow
Figure 92. Fixed-Width Screed with Vibratory Bolt-On Extensions
Figure 93. Extendable Screed Paver
Figure 94. Tow Point and Line of Pull
Figure 95. Elements That Impact Screed Forces
Figure 96. Paving Wide with a Uniform Head of Material
Figure 97. Distance Required for the Screed to Reach Equilibrium
Figure 98. Vibrating Screed
Figure 99. Tamping Bar Screed
Figure 100. Screed Crown
Figure 101. Floating-Beam Grade Reference
Figure 102. Sonic-Tracker Grade Reference
Figure 103. Over-the-Screed Grade Sensor and Cross-Slope Checking
Figure 104. Single Point Grade Referencing
Figure 105. Stringline on an Airfield Project
Figure 106. A Modern Cross Slope Controller
Figure 107. Dual Receivers on a Paver
Figure 108. Universal Total Station Tracking Paver
Figure 109. Rule of Thumb Rolldown Factor for Dense-Graded Mixtures
Figure 110. Static Steel Roller
Figure 111. Pneumatic Roller
Figure 112. Forces of Pneumatic (Rubber) Tire Roller
Figure 113. Water-Spray System and Wetting Mats on Pneumatic Tires
Figure 114. Double-Drum Vibratory Roller
Figure 115. Relationship Between Speed and Vibration Frequency
Figure 116. Double Drum Oscillatory Roller
Figure 117. Combination Roller
Figure 118. Vibratory Pneumatic Rubber-Tired Roller
Figure 119. Roller Equipped with IC Technology
Figure 120. Double-Drum Vibratory Roller Equipped with IC Technology
Figure 121. Estimating Cooling Rate of Asphalt Mat During Compaction
Figure 122. Breakdown Rolling with Multiple Vibratory Rollers
Figure 123. Longitudinal Joints on Airfield Runway
Figure 124. Premature Deterioration of Longitudinal Joints
Figure 125. Common Terms for Transverse and Longitudinal Joints
Figure 126. Placement of Kraft Paper Bond Breaker on Transverse Joint
Figure 127. Rolling the Hot Side of a Transverse Joint
Figure 128. Paving in a Straight Line with Stringline, Skip Paint, and Guide on Paver
Figure 129. Not Paving Straight (or Smooth on a Curve) Makes It Impossible to Achieve a Consistent Overlay
Figure 130. Staggered Joints
Figure 131. Different Types of Longitudinal Joints
Figure 132. Poor Practice—End Gate Not Set to Be Seated on Existing Surface
Figure 133. Notched-Wedge Joint with Taper at Top and Bottom of Wedge
Figure 134. Notched-Wedge Device that Forms and Compacts through Screed Vibration
Figure 135. Two Devices for Compacting the Wedge of a Notched-Wedge Joint
Figure 136. Key Aspects to Constructing a Durable Longitudinal Joint
Figure 137. Cutting Wheel Mounted on a Roller
Figure 138. Cutting Wheel Attached to Rear Ripper of a Grader
Figure 139. Kick-Out Plate Aids in Removing the Cutback Mix
Figure 140. Stringline, Paint, and a Mounted Guide Allow Straight Cutting
Figure 141. Two Options for Compacting the Unconfined LJ
Figure 142. Joint Adhesive Being Applied to the Cold Joint Face
Figure 143. Proper Overlap When Placing the Confined Side of a Longitudinal Joint
Figure 144. Improper Luting of the LJ (left), which Starves the Hot Side of Rolldown Material,and Proper Luting of the LJ (right)
Figure 145. Improper Broadcasting and Luting across the LJ
Figure 146. Echelon Paving with Four Paving Trains on a Runway at DFW Airport
Figure 147. Joint Heaters: Self-Contained (left) and Paver-Mounted (right)
Figure 148. Surface Sealers on LJs: RPE (left) and Rejuvenator VRAM (right)
Figure 149. VRAM Is Applied with Manual Strike-Off Box (left) or Modified Distributor (middle), then Paved Over (right)
Figure 150. Improper Auger and Tunnel Extensions Cause Segregation
Figure 151. Examples of Truck-End Segregation
Figure 152. Examples of Centerline Segregation
Figure 153. Vertical Segregation (Top Different than Bottom of Cross Section)
Figure 154. Illustration of Joint Segregation
Figure 155. Example of Half-Width Mat Segregation
Figure 156. Segregation in the Silo at the Plant
Figure 157. Random Segregation
Figure 158. Proper Mix Height in the Auger Box
Figure 159. Paver Equipped with an Automated Infrared Scanner
Figure 160. Segregated Areas (on right) Predicted by Cool Spots on Infrared
Figure 161. Percent Within Limits
Figure 162. Purely Random Sampling vs. Stratified Random Sampling
Figure 163. Example Control Chart
Figure 164. Mix Being Discharged from the Drum
Figure 165. Nonuniform Mat Texture
Figure 166. Poor Longitudinal Joint Due to Unsatisfactory Construction
Figure 167. Roller Checking During Compaction
Figure 168. Hairline Cracks Caused by Roller Checking
Figure 169. Shoving Due to Unsatisfactory Mix
Figure 170. Rutting of Unstable Asphalt Mixture
Figure 171. Asphalt Bleeding in the Travel Lane
Figure 172. Fat Spot Caused by Localized Excess Asphalt
Figure 173. Fat Spot Caused by Fuel Oil Spill Prior to Overlay Construction
Figure 174. Roller Marks in a Freshly Laid Asphalt Pavement
Figure 175. Pneumatic Roller Shadows in a New Asphalt Pavement
Figure 176. Washboard Marks Left by an Improperly Operated Vibratory Roller
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